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| 	Lupitus of Barcelona  : ウィキペディア英語版 |   Lupitus of Barcelona Lupitus of Barcelona, identified with a Christian archdeacon called Sunifred, was an astronomer in  late 10th century Barcelona, then part of the ''Marca Hispanica'' between Islamic Al-Andalus and Christian France (in 985 changing from Christian back into Muslim hands by the conquest of Al-Mansur). Lupitus was  instrumental in the transfer of Arabic mathematics, including the astrolabe and the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to Christian Europe. Gerbert of Aurillac in a letter of 984 asks Lupitus for a translation of an Arabic astronomical treatise, the ''Sententiae astrolabii''. ==References==
  *Juan Vernet, ''The pursuit of learning - Moorish rule in Spain - Al-Andalus: where three worlds met'', UNESCO Courier,  Dec 1991. ()
 
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